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Acanthocardia echinata

This species is still one of the most debated cardiid species, because of its unclear relationships with mucronata and deshayesi. It has 18-22 strong radial ribs, wildely spaced, more than in tuberculata; this is clearely visible already in the umbo area; each ribs is carrying a row of narrow spines, with a concentric rugose sculpture most prominent in interspaces. The shell presents spoon-shaped spines. it lives on sand, mud and gravel bottoms.

Acanthocardia mucronata

This is considered by some scientists a sub species of echinata and by others a different species. It has a less globose shell than deshayesi, but more thicker. It presents 18-20 strong radial ribs wildely spaced, each rib is carryng a row of spines; these spines are wider than echinata and shovel-shaped. Usually lives between 15 and 120 meters deep on sand, mud and gravel bottoms.

Acanthocardia deshayesi

This is considered by some scientists a sub species of echinata and by others a different species. It has more radial ribs than echinata and mucronata, not so widely spaced compared to echinata and mucronata. It has a more globose and les thicker shell.
it presents higher dorso-ventrally, with a larger umbo. Spines are wider and shovel-shaped.
its size range it's not exceeding 40 mm. It's present in the Mediterrean sea only.

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